Analysis of the Liberian Conflict

Analysis of the Liberian Conflict Background to this Conflict Analysis The Liberian conflict began in 1979 with civil unrest and ended in 2003 with the forced exile of the then president Charles Taylor. During this 24years period, Liberia has had a number of significant turning points: two regime-changing coups (1980 and 1990) and with them the assassination of 2 presidents, two civil wars, the first in 1989 90, the second from 1997 2003, and two elections, 1985 and 1997. The period was marred with systemic violence and human rights violations which resulted in the death of 150 250,000 people and 1.5 million people displaced (FRTRCLDP, 2009: 3) this is startling given a pre-war population of 2.8 million. However, if we examine the period from the rice riots of 1979 and the 1980 coup we find a steady escalation in direct violence starting from that period. Furthermore there is substantial evidence of structural violence in pre-79 Liberia. The means of financing the regimes of Charles Taylor, Samuel Doe and the True Whig Party, from 1979 to 2003 were very different during reign (Reno 1999,pp102 103 ), but nevertheless the political, hierarchical structures endured throughout this time, albeit with different leaders. This continued to allow a ruling elite to exploit the subjugated masses as it had done for the previous century. Furthermore, the lack of loyalty towards Taylor, by the wealthy elite, is comparable to the lack of support for Does administration, by the same elite, during Does final years in office. The similarities between Taylors reign, the Doe era and the period of rule prior to 1979 demonstrate a cyclical nature to the conflict. Therefore, unless the period under review in this conflict analysis is based around one of the turning points noted above, the selection of a time is almost arbitrary if chosen during this period. Furthermore, if one tries to analyse the conflict at the time of the first civil war or post 1990, the discourse leads to an examination of the conflict and structures during Does rule, and ultimately, this leads to an analysis of the societal structures and conflict potential prior to the 1979/80 uprising. In order to provide a time frame for evaluation, this analysis will focus on the period of 1979 1989 because what comes thereafter is very much a product of what came before. Conflict Analyses The aim of a conflict analysis is to provide a better understanding of the causes and drivers of a given conflict. Several leading development agencies have designed conflict analysis tools to help them to better target their development work and to ensure that they do not aggravate a conflict situation through that development. A summary of few prominent conflict analyses can be found at Appendix 2 Methodology The aim of this conflict analysis is to gain an understanding of the root causes and manifestations of violence in Liberia over the period 1979 1990, in particular focusing at the country level. The analysis will also identify and analyse sub-national, regional and international actors that affected the conflict. The DfID Strategic Conflict Assessment consists of three parts: Conflict Analysis; Analysis of responses to the conflict; Strategies and options for dealing with the situation; The Conflict Analysis Framework of the assessment examines the following areas: Table 1 DfID Conflict Analysis Framework Conflict Analysis (i) Structures (ii) Actors (iii) Dynamics Analysis of long term factors underlying conflict: Security Economic Political Social Analysis of conflict actors: Interests Relations Capacities Peace agendas Incentives Analysis of: Long term trends of conflict Triggers for increased violence Capacities for managing conflict Likely future conflict scenarios (Great Britain, DfID, p10, Table 1). The DfID framework provides a tool which is easily transferable to analyse the Liberian conflict within the parameters set. A secondary aim of this analysis is to see whether we can shed any light on the greed versus grievance debate and to help assess the predominance of one set of motivating factors over the other in the case of the Liberian conflict. Greed and grievance The principle greed arguments focus on the economic benefit that might motivate an individual, or group, to fight and then continue fighting (Mac Ginty 2006: 69) Three pre-conditions, have been identified, by Collier, as conflict catalysts in greed based theories. These are access to primary commodities, the proportion of young men in society and the amount of education available (Collier 2000, 93). Collier goes so far as to rank the importance of these factors but does not suggest that all three need to be present at the same time. Grievance theories of conflict emphasise arguments of ideology, ethnicity, human needs and inter-group competition (Mac Ginty 2006: 71). Idoelogy and ethnicity are often used by the layperson in explaining conflict causation, but a fuller analysis often identifies these as sustaining a conflict rather than initiating it, leaders might use ethno-religious calls to ‘rally the troops, but this is often not the underlying cause (Barash and Webel, 2002: 15) . Based on statistical research, Collier argues (2000: 96) that grievance theories of conflict causation â€Å"are so unimportant† compared to the prevalence of greed based motives, that, â€Å"grievance based explanations of civil war are so seriously wrong†. However, he does admit that that under the right circumstances (such as following and economic slump) grievances motives can be explained. Structures Societies that are socially fractionalised along ethnic or religious divides are significantly less prone to conflict (Collier, 2000: 98). Social division in Liberia lay between 17 groups (FRTRCLDP 2009: 51). The first group consists of the original settlers from the US freed slaves who arrived in Liberia in 1822, this group were known as the Americo-Liberians; together with the Caribbean freed slaves they constituted 5% of the population. The remaining groups were formed from 16 separate indigenous tribal groups. There were further splits along religious lines. The US settlers brought with them Christianity which spread amongst the population. Liberia also had an Islamic population from the African-Arabic slavers of the 16th and 17th centuries. By 1980, this provided a blend of approximately 40% Christian, 20% Muslim, 20% indigenous religions (and a number of individuals practicing some form of hybrid religion). According to the hypothesis, Liberia would be very unlikely to collapse into civil war due to its non-homogeneous nature. This was in fact the case rprio to the arrival of the Americo-liberians; A study by Olukujo (as cited in the FRTRCLDP 2009: 51) notes that for hundreds of years the 16 tribes had lived in relative peace with â€Å"intermarriage, modern education and westernised Christianity, Islam and other foreign influences† blurring tribal ethnicity. Furthermore, each family had a family head and each village a council of elders who would resolve conflicts. However, when analysing the Liberian political and economic structures prior to 1980, we find that it is difficult to untangle the two strands; this is because the Liberian system was very hierarchical with a ruling elite and a proletariat; there was limited, if any middle class. The establishment of the Liberian political system, in the 18th century, was based on a US constitutional model (Outram, 1999: 164) with a Senate and a House of representatives. However, only the Americo-Liberians were allowed to vote. The political elite passed laws which kept the indigenous people subjugated, both politically and economically, Evidence of this self-perpetuation can be seen in the fact that the True Whig Party was the only political party that held officer from 1877 until the coup in 1980, even the previous President, President Tubman, remained in office for an unbroken period of 37 years. It is very unlikely that the True Whig Party would have been voted out prior to the coup, as the indigenous population did not have the right to vote, until a constitutional change in 1984. Therefore those who had political positions were also either economically power or financially well connected. Those without money or power were subjugated by this ruling elite known as a patron-client relationship (Outram, 1999: 165). The President had a significant amount of power vested in him, as both the Chief of State and Head of Government. President Tubman consolidated power in his position, just as Doe did 10 years later, and both following unsuccessful coups. So the evidence suggests that the ruling elite in society were able to exploit self interest and so were motivated by greed. We shall now turn our attention to the motives of the subjugated. When a rebel organisation has the potential to gain sufficient size that the prospect of a conflict has a realistic chance of success, then individuals will be more likely to bond together for grievance based reasons (Collier, 2000: 99). So, if Liberia is viewed through the lens of the masses, then the society is much less divided; with split of 95% indigenous population to 5% ruling elite (FRTRCLDP 2009: 5). This allows us to evaluate the grievance theory model due to Liberias homogenous nature and therefore its propensity to civil war for grievance reasons. The following lists examples of laws that were passed that demonstrate the lack of rights tahts wereexperienceed by the indigenous people REFERNCES!!!! Examples of the laws passed by the government included: the 1864 Ports of Entry Act, which restricted foreign trade with indigenous people, the indigenous werent granted citizenship until 1904. In 1926 the government leased 1 million acres of land to the firestone company, land which was inhabited, they then conscripted local labour for the company and other neighbouring countries. In 1931the Government of Liberia was requested to defend its position over allegations from the League of Nations of svaling the indigenous population. . Economic 1864 passed laws baning trade Political US constitiional arrangement Single party from1877, Political eltie Social Access to education forced adoption referred to as barbarians no tribal problems Unification attempts but more for popular support context of the regional issues at the time. Indeed when Samuel Doe rose to power in the 1980 coup he did so onthe back of a wave of local grievances. Dynamics Manifestation of Violence Defintion of direct and structural Violence, definition of peace and conflict Comparison or 1985 Vs 1955 Structural: no right to vote, land taken away, human salvery and conscript labour, not even citizens til 1904 Quotes form TRC Ref topdown and bottom up Mac ginty p 77, 3rd feature of conflict†¦.. Corruption Issues regarding money and support for wealthy elite Issues of 23 million to release Ellen and the 400m in aid. Table 2 Comparison of Violence Pre 1980 Post 1980 †¢ Ruling Elite (Americo Liberian) †¢ No right to vote for masses †¢ Power vested in the President †¢ President is Chief of State and Head of Government †¢ Army used as security †¢ Suppression of uprising 1955 †¢ Huge personal financial incentives to stay in power foreign investment †¢ NO Ethnic tensions (Olukoju 2006) †¢ Ruling Elite (Krahn tribe) †¢ No Right to vote for the masses Voting overturned †¢ Political structure remains the same †¢ Power vested in the President †¢ Army used as security †¢ Harsh suppression of coup by Gen Quiwonkpa 2985 †¢ Huge financial incentives to stay in power †¢ Escalation of Structural violence and direct violence †¢ Inter-ethnic fighting †¢ Corruption increases as a survival mechanism Conclusion Violence escalation table The following table summarises the level of violence during the period and notes the factors that sustain or escalate the violence. Table 3 Violence Manifestation Violence Manifestation and Explanation Initiation †¢ ‘Colonial structures and exploitation in Liberia lead to → Localised grievances and structural violence, Create opportunities for Sustainment †¢ Individual actors greed → nepotism to galvanise own support → fractionalisation leads to ethno-tribalism †¢ No structural change takes place → continued marginalisation / HR violations Which creates: Escalation †¢ Further grievances which fuel the conflict → Direct Violence as a survival mechanism ‘Poverty and lack of opportunity, intensified by the war have helped promote the attractiveness of fighting as a means of survival (Atkinson, 1997) The story of Liberia between 1979 and 1990 is one of action, inaction and reaction: action by the proletariat and ruling governments (pre and post 1979), inaction by the international community and reaction by regional actors to the. The violence during this period escalated from societal structural violence in 1979 to overt direct violence against the civilian population and opposition groups in 1990. This resulted in an increase of displaced persons, frustrating neighbouring countries threatening to de-stabilised the region. The actions by regional countries coupled with the frustrations of the masses provided the circumstances which could lead to a second coup, and the first civil war in 1989. The DfID Conflict Analysis Framework provides a useful tool with which to analyse a protracted conflict such as Liberia. By examining the structures and dynamics in play at both national and local levels it has been possible to see that the Liberian conflict shows signs of greed and grievance motivations with each playing off the other. The ruling elite motivated by the prospects of substantial wealth and pursuing a desperate attempt to hold onto power, and grievance by the oppressed masses with little prospect of anything better unless they rise up and rebel against the elite. Epilogue The greed and grievance cycle, as discussed in the background to this analysis continued to play out during Charles Taylors reign. Taylor has suggested that his motives for staging a coup had been to force regime change of a brutal dictatorship (Ref). That might have been his altruistic outward cry, indeed â€Å"narratives of grievance play much better with this [the international] community than narratives of greed.† (Collier, 2000: 92). It is clear now that Taylors coup was heavily supported internationally, and regionally (Ref). What is also evident now is that within the first 6 months of Taylors charge for Monrovia, he had not only gained control of 90% of the country, but had also amassed a personal wealth of USD 3.6million. It is also estimated that during the period 1991 1994, Taylor had a personal income of USD 420 450 million per year (REF). In this context it of difficult to see how greed rather than grievance was not his motivating factor. The economics of a war torn society, (particularly one which has an abundance of extremely profitable primary commodities) has an ability to sustain conflict. Once the shackles of a oppressive regime are unable to control the population, the rise of strongmen and warlords is possible . Then, fuelled, by the potential of substantial wealth, they will strive to keep the inferno of conflict burning. Conflict Analyses The World Bank Conflict Analysis Framework. This uses 6 variables (social and ethnic relations, governance and political institutions, human rights/security, economic structure and performance, environmental and natural resources and external factors) which are analysed against given criteria. These are graded and then linked to their impact on the conflict and on the countrys poverty level. This framework allows for the extraction of underlying causes and the opportunities for conflict. The US AID Conflict Assessment Framework focuses on Means, Motives and Opportunities and also includes regional and international factors. The framework therefore allows for a holistic approach and also provides an understanding of the prevalence of greed or grievance agendas in conflict zones. Like the World Bank conflict analysis it highlights causes and opportunities for conflict. The Department For International Development (DfID) Strategic Conflict Assessment (Great Britain, DfID) is a tool that was developed by DfID to assess: risks of negative effects of conflict on programmes; risks of programmes or policies exacerbating conflict; opportunities to improve the effectiveness of development interventions in contributing to conflict prevention and reduction. The assessment criteria allow the assessment to focus on programmes or projects, or at a strategic level on a country or region (Great Britain, DfID, p6).

California Culture Essay

California culture has changed a lot over the years. There are new trends coming out all the time. Whether they succeed or not they’re always changing. Fashion is a big deal in California, it’s the way you express yourself. Fashion trends that have been around for a while are jeans, V-neck shirts, and tennis shoes. New trends are TOMS which are shoes that are extremely comfortable, highlighter colors, and body piercings. Highlighter colors are used for clothes, jewelry, nail polishes, hair, shoes, and even make up. Piercings used to be just for your ears and nose but now they’re used for practically any body part like your belly button or back dimples. There are also trends in food restaurants. McDonalds had always been a favorite no matter how unhealthy it is. Some more fast food restaurants are In-N-Out, Chipotle, and Wingstop. A new slang word almost everyone uses is â€Å"YOLO† which means You Only Live Once. There is also a sign for representing the west side where you make a W with your fingers. Some really important problems are unemployment, debt, drugs, gangs, and obesity. There are so many people with big families but don’t have jobs because there aren’t enough being offered. Reasons why people are unemployed are because corporations aren’t using their profit to hire additional workers and state and local governments are continuing to reduce their workforce. A solution to help unemployment rates would be to eliminate unemployment insurance unless it is really needed. This insurance makes people lazy, they stop trying to look for jobs. We are in debt for a lot of reasons but I want to focus on one reason that many people might not think too much about, welfare. Welfare costs a lot for us especially if it’s being wasted on someone who doesn’t really need or deserve it. There are many people who use welfare for drugs and just sit around their house on a couch doing nothing. They learn to live off welfare and then don’t try to even look for jobs. Many people with children still do this as well. A solution to this would be several drug tests at random times and people should have to keep some type of proof to show that they have been looking for jobs and submit them every 2-3 weeks. Drugs, smoking, and drinking is becoming a lifestyle for teenagers. This is a big problem that needs to stop ASAP. It’s dangerous and reckless not only for the teens using but for innocent people around them. Solutions for this would be random searches for drugs in school. Being in gangs is also something popular among teens. Representing or â€Å"repping† colors and hats are cool to teens. Gangs are way too dangerous and frightening and the only solution I can think of is more security and better protection. The last problem is the obvious one, obesity. Obesity is taking over! It’s a huge health problem. 2/3 of US adults are overweight or obese. About a quarter of 2-5 year olds and 1/3 of school-age children are obese. A solution to this would be to have less fast food restaurants and kids should be educated and encouraged to make healthier choices at a young age so it becomes a part of their lifestyle. My prediction for society in 5 years will be that both obesity and debt will get worse. This can harm me because obesity can lead to death and debt can make be broke and homeless if I’m not careful. I also think computer technology will advance rapidly. No one will carry around textbooks at all and we might not even go to class we can all sit at home yet be in a computerized classroom together. That might not happen in 5 years but I do believe it’ll happen soon. This will benefit me because it saves gas, time, and money for fees on books.

A Midsummer Nights Dream Vocabulary

Analysis Of Thoreau s Solitude - 1246 Words

Thoreau opens Solitude with a melodious articulation of his pleasure in and sensitivity for nature. When he comes back to his home in the wake of strolling at night, he finds that guests have ceased by, which prompts him to remark both on his strict separation from others while at the lake and on the non-literal space between men. There is closeness in his association with nature, which gives adequate fraternity and blocks the likelihood of forlornness. The immensity of the universe puts the space between men in context. Thoreau brings up that on the off chance that we accomplish a more prominent closeness to nature and the heavenly, we won t require physical nearness to others in the station, the mail station, the tavern, the meeting-house, the school building — places that offer the sort of organization that diverts and disperses. He remarks on man s double nature as a physical element and as a scholarly observer inside his own particular body, which isolates a man from hims elf and adds encourage point of view to his separation from others. Also, a man is constantly alone when thinking and working. He finishes up the part by alluding to allegorical guests who speak to God and nature, to his own unity with nature, and to the wellbeing and imperativeness that nature gives. Proceeding with the topic created in Higher Laws, Brute Neighbors opens with an exchange amongst Hermit and Poet, who typify spellbound parts of the creator himself (creature nature and theShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Transcendentalism : Henry David Thoreau1654 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effect of Transcendentalism: Henry David Thoreau Transcendentalism is the American literary, political, and philosophical movement of the early nineteenth century that was rooted in the pure Romanticism of the English and the German (Goodman). Ralph Waldo Emerson is considered the father of Transcendentalism because his literature is the first to praise the notable spirituality of nature. The basic belief of the movement is to live authentically; being true to oneself (Day). The movement itselfRead MoreHenry David Thoreau: The Grat Transcendentalist Essay1932 Words   |  8 PagesHenry David Thoreau along with a select group of people propelled the short movement of transcendentalism during the 1830s to the 1850s and was later brought up during the Vietnam War. Many of the transcendentalist ideas came from student who attended Harvard University during this time period. Henry David Thoreau’s individualistic anarchist views on society were developed throughout his early life and later refined in his years of solitude; these views on society and government are directly expressedRead MoreHumn 303 Introduction to Humanities Entire Course Essay1920 Words   |  8 Pagesevent in Greek history? 11. Question (TCO 5) Match the architectural term with its definition. 12. Question (TCO 1 2) Name and describe at least one Greek god and discuss his/her responsibility in Greek life. 13. Question (TCO 3 4) In what way(s) were the Ancient Greeks an important influence in the history of the humanities? (Describe at least one contribution and explain why it is important.) 14. Question (TCO 5) Select any work of art from any discipline (such as a painting, sculpture,Read MoreFrancis Bacon15624 Words   |  63 Pageschapters of his new, strange book that Montaigne introduced the fashion of writing briefly, irregularly, with constant digressions and interruptions, about the world as it appears to the individual who writes. It has always been admitted that Montaigne s genius has an affinity with the English. He was early read in England, and cer tainly by Bacon, whose is the second great name connected with this form of literature. It was in 1597, only five years after the death of Montaigne, that Bacon publishedRead MoreWalts Whitmans Vision of America in Leaves of Grass17685 Words   |  71 PagesWalt†©Whitman’s†©vision†©of†©America†©in†©Leaves†©of†©Grass†© †© Contents†© I. †© Introduction†©Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†©4†© Starting†©point†©Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.†©4†© Short†©biography†©Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†©5†© Historical†©context†©Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†©7†© Thematic†©analysis†©of†©poems†© a. 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Platos View Of The Worldview Of Plato - 966 Words

Worldview of Plato Plato showed more interest in the success of society as a whole as he suggested that not revealing the wisdom or truth to others is a disservice to society. Plato showed more interest in everyday material objects than the average man, he looked towards material objects having a transcendental aspect. This is what made Plato such an interesting philosopher. Not only was he able to look at the world in a more unique way, which showed that Plato was truly a loving person. He was certain that as a philosopher the only way to know the true meaning of real causes, and reasons for all events and things was to have the inner knowing of transcendental aspects. Plato’s research is unique compared to other philosophers, this is†¦show more content†¦He then gives this scenario, â€Å"Consider, then, what being released from their bonds and cured of their foolishness would naturally be like, if something like this should happen to them. When one was freed and s uddenly compelled to stand up, turn his neck around, walk, and look up toward the light, he would be pained by doing all these things and be unable to see the things whose shadows he had seen before,†(Republic Book VII 515c). As seen in this text, one person may have an entirely different view of the world and the way that the world works, solely because of the way that they have experienced the world working personally. In the time this was written many people in the ancient world would have had immensely different views of how the world worked. The Spartans for example, most likely would have seen the world as a place of chaos that they must defend against, while Athenians saw the world as a canvas. Plato inferred that as humans knowledge is very strongly connected to power. This, continuing on from the previous text which spoke about men trapped in a cave, can be seen very evidently with how the character of Socrates describes how well a person who has the knowledge of both inside and outside of the metaphorical cave. â€Å"For when you are used to it, you will see infinitely better than the people there and know precisely what each image is, and also what it is an image of, becauseShow MoreRelatedPlato Is One Of The Greatest And Well Known Philosophers1388 Words   |  6 Pages Plato is one of the greatest and well known philosophers of all time. Born around 428 BC, Plato grew up in Greece learning from Socrates, another well known philosopher. Later in life, Plato taught Aristotle who was also a well known philosopher. His works of writing and thoughts about life have significantly impacted the Western culture in numerous ways. In selected readings of Plato, he seems to place importance on wisdom, and how to attain wisdom. Plato argues that in order to attain pure knowledgeRead MoreCompare And Contrast Philo And Plato1615 Words   |  7 PagesPlato vs. Aristotle - Opposite Philosophies The Greek philosopher Aristotle once said, â€Å"Plato is dear to me, but dearer still is truth.† Plato, who was also a philosopher, was Aristotle’s teacher. Aristotle thought highly of Plato and respected him. However, as Aristotle’s wisdom grew, he started to question and even disagree with the concepts Plato taught him. This is why Aristotle wrote that he admires and respects Plato, but admires and respects the truth more. Aristotle started to develop hisRead MoreThe Allegory Of The Cave1382 Words   |  6 PagesIn Book VII of Plato’s Republic, Socrates continues to venture towards a more complete portrayal of the good. To do this, Socrates presents his most intricate, yet his most important figure: the Allegory of the Cave. Socrates calls on the interlocutors to imagine a dimly lit cave in which a group of prisoners are chained behind a wall in such a way that they cannot move and are forced to stare at a wall all day. Thanks to a small fire, the pris oners are able to see the shadows of their imprisonersRead MorePlato And Augustine Of Hippo Philosophy1769 Words   |  8 Pagesapplicable to the lives of two of the most well-known ancient philosopher: Plato and Augustine of Hippo. Both men dedicated their lives to the work of philosophy and higher thinking and both men developed revolutionary ideas for their time, influencing the world around them in the process. By looking at the lives and beliefs of both Plato and Augustine of Hippo through their written works, their backgrounds, worldviews, views of reality, and values are made apparent and able to be compared. 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Describe the Initiatives Which Influence Free Essays

E6- Describe the initiatives which influence the provision of challenging environments for children (5 marks) There are different types of international, national and local initiatives which influence the provision of challenging environments for children. An example of an initiative is the Forest Schools. ‘A Forest School is an innovative educational approach to outdoor play and learning’ http://www. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe the Initiatives Which Influence or any similar topic only for you Order Now forestschools. om/what-happens-at-a-forest-school/ Forest schools can influence the provision of a challenging environment, as the teachers can take the children in small groups every week to the local woods to have a better understanding of the outdoor environment and it’s linked to the curriculum. By doing this it enables children to be able to be in a safe environment when exploring and having adventures so they can see what things they can do when they go into the woods next time. It can also help children with problems such as language problems as this allows them to speak about the experience they are having which can then be taken to the classroom and then it could be turned into a story to help the child. When going into the woods it helps to cater the behaviour for the problem children and it also teaches children when they can and can’t mess around. It also focuses on the fundamental aspect of the Forest School innovation educational approach. The Forest School provides ways for meeting learning objectives while developing practical life skills and encouraging child-initiated learning, which is observed and assessed. Lots of young children prefer to be outside than in the classroom environment because they can find it more exciting and they might pay more attention. Word Count- 240 How to cite Describe the Initiatives Which Influence, Essay examples

Human Resource Management Complete Training

Question: Describe about the Human Resource Management? Answer: Executive Summary This report deals with the PBL process that is essential for the co-founders to go through. This is because, it helps them in understanding the problems that may face and find solutions regarding this. This report has analyzed the problems that the three co-founders are likely to face and handle that situation through facts, ideas, learning issues as well as action. According to Brown (2010), HR Planning refers to a systematic process that involves usage of appropriate skills, knowledge as well as abilities among the employees whenever needed. It is essential within the organization since this forecasts the requirement of human resources in the future (Ingham, 2010). This report will be dealing with the facts, ideas, learning issues as well as actions that Vivienne, Stephen and Walter will be adopting for employing the staff members according to the requirements of the restaurant. Miller (2013) commented on the fact that through this research, the researcher has came across the PBL process or Problem Based Learning process that helps the students to develop self directed learning, intrinsic motivation and flexible knowledge. This is a process of active learning that supports the students in self learning as well as developing the interpersonal skills and ability for working in a team (Noe and Noe, 2012). Refer to Appendix [facts], it can be said that they should follow the PBL process to attain success. Figure: Problem Based Learning process (Noe and Noe, 2012) Through PBL, they can understand about their prior knowledge, elaboration of the acquired knowledge, working in a group and also about sharing the knowledge among each other. In this context, Nolan (2008) had an opinion that while making multiple iterations regarding the PBL, the researcher also came to know about other facts that also are essential for opening this restaurant and running this restaurant successfully. Again, refer to the appendix [facts], it can be said that, for opening the restaurant, the requirement of enough knowledge is also essential along with placing the right person in the right position. According to Page and Tosh (2005) PBL also helped the researcher in knowing about the requirements of setting up the restaurant such as- demand forecasting, supply forecasting, keeping a well balance between the demand and supply along with action plans. According to Langley (2013), the employees that will be engaged and hired for the positions in the restaurant also need to be motivated for getting their maximum participation for the ultimate success of the business. Refer to Appendix [ideas], it is to be mentioned that they also need to take steps for motivating the employees. McKenzie and Aitken (2012) had an opinion that it can be discussed through theory X and Y where Theory X depicts that there are employees who are laid back and dislike their work. For them, different schemes of motivation need to be used. The Theory Y people are committed towards their work, are responsible as well as have higher degree o imagination, creativity as well as ingenuity etc. In addition to this, Brooks (2004) had commented that through a proper and methodical job analysis, the co-founders initially have to understand the content of the job, the requirements of the job and the context of the job. According to Gegax et al. (2007), they also need to understand the objective of the job that describes the activities, design and specifications that are involved in it. Along with this, a vivid analysis of skills and knowledge of the required employees are also essential. At certain intervals, feedback from the employees also need to collected that will be helping the co-founders in improving their quality of work, leadership as well as process of development. McEwan (2013) had a view that since this step is a brainstorming step, so, the researcher has a broad as well as creative thinking process that ensured to look after all the relevant topics regarding the issues that may arise. Nolan (2010) commented on the fact that the cofounders initially need to understand that this section will be dealing with what the researcher had learnt from the PBL process which is a self learning process. According to Phillips (2012), the idea of setting up the restaurant requires many problems and issues such as place, accounts, marketing, advertisings and promotions. These all need special concern and attention to cover up all the problems. While facing these problems, the researcher will come to know about the things that need to be done for reducing these problems. Ulrich et al. (2012) commented that this is the practical implementation of PBL process. Moreover through this process, the researcher will come across the different problems that will help in understanding the problem and find the solution all by him. Figure: HR planning and analysis model (Phillips, 2012) In addition to this, Quartey (2013) had a view that through PBL the problems, resources, objectives, behavior, motivation as well as self directed learning are discussed. The last stage of the plan is the stage of execution or action that needs to be implemented for the business to run successfully. Morton (2014) commented on the fact that in this stage the co-founders put into action the knowledge that has been gained through brainstorming process and learning process. Phillips (2012) had a view that the co-founders can also fill up the gap through extensive involvement in the organization workings. They can use whatever they have learnt in the PBL sessions and can implement it in their business. They also need to understand the psychology of the employees, the kind of job they are providing, forecasting the demand and their supply. In addition to this, Rhodia (2010) had an opinion that the different theories of motivation that are learnt in PBL sessions can also be implied for motivating the employees. This is because, it is to be remembered that the employees are the essential part of the organization which if can be directed in a positive way can bring success to the organization (Gegax et al. 2007). Thus to conclude, it can be said that this report deals with the four sections that include facts, ideas, learning issues as well as actions that help the researcher to have a good knowledge regarding the PBL as well as setting up new business ventures. In addition to this, the different knowledge and experience that the researcher has gained from this sessions are also discussed vividly. After that, the learning parts are put into action for having a practical experience of the business setting. References: Brooks, D. (2004). The complete book of personal training. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Brown, P. (2010). The power of HR outsourcing. Strategic HR Review, 9(6), pp.27-32. Ebert, R. and Griffin, R. (2005). Business essentials. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Gegax, T., Bolsta, P. and Gegax, T. (2007). The big book of small business. New York: Collins. Ingham, J. (2010). Develop an HR 2.0 strategy. Strategic HR Review, 9(6). Langley, J. (2013). Use data effectively to align people strategy with business goals. Strategic HR Review, 12(5). McEwan, A. (2013). Smart working. Farnham, Surrey, England: Gower. McKenzie, J. and Aitken, P. (2012). Learning to lead the knowledgeable organization: developing leadership agility. Strategic HR Review, 11(6), pp.329-334. Miller, J. (2013). Views from the top: a variety of leader perspectives on HRs business impact. Strategic HR Review, 12(4). Morton, C. (2014). Opportunities For Redundant Managers. New York: Constable Robinson. Noe, R. and Noe, R. (2012). Human resource management. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Nolan, S. (2008). HR Transformation Technology. Delivering Systems to Support the New HR Model. Strategic HR Review, 7(6). Nolan, S. (2010). Technology in HR. Strategic HR Review, 9(6). Page, R. and Tosh, P. (2005). Leading your business to the next level. Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers. Phillips, C. (2012). Identify the critical roles in your organization. Strategic HR Review, 12(1). Quartey, S. (2013). Implications of HR Outsourcing for HR Practitioners Work Behaviors: Evidence from the Mobile Telecommunication Industry in Ghana. International Business Research, 6(11). Rhodia (2010). New ambition, new organization., Focus on Surfactants, 2010(12), p.7. Ulrich, D., Younger, J., Brockbank, W. and Ulrich, M. (2012). HR talent and the new HR competencies. Strategic HR Review, 11(4), pp.217-222. Wilson, J. (2012). Arts based learning within an arts organization. Strategic HR Review, 11(5), pp.259-264.